Oilfield Glossary


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G to K

 

Gamma-ray log - well log that records natural radioactivity of formations around the wellbore.

Gauge - the diameter of a bit or the hole drilled by the bit.

Gather - a display of the input data to a stacking process arranged to show all the seismic traces corresponding to some criterion are displayed side by side.

Geophone - a device to transform seismic energy (movement) to an electrical voltage - voltage that is proportional to the velocity of the seismic wave motion.

Geosteering - a subset of horizontal drilling in which measurements of formation properties are used to place the wellbore in specific geologic targets.

GeoThermal - High temperature energy from the Earth located where the earth's major Tectonic Plates are joined.

Gravel Pack - a completion technique used to control production of sand from loosely consolidated formations.

Gyroscopic Survey - survey conducted inside a well's casing to measure is position and trajectory. The steel's casing prevents use of magnetic readings to compute the directional and coordinate information.GyroTrak MWD Gyro Service

GyroTrak™ MWD Gyro Service - INTEQ’s patented GyroMWD system, has been launched in US markets. The modular tool is run in conjunction with the NaviTrak™ probe-based MWD and provides an alternative to wireline gyros in re-entry and kick-off applications.


Highly Deviated Wells - a class of nonvertical wells where the deviation angle is approximately 30-80 degrees.

Holdup - the fraction of the total volume of the borehole sampled by the measurement device that contains a particular phase; more specifically, oil holdup, water holdup, and gas holdup.

Horizontal Direction Drilling - a trenchless construction technique, which uses guided drilling for creating an arc profile. See HDD Services

Horizontal Drilling - a subset of directional drilling in which the angle of deviation of the wellbore reaches at least 80 degrees from the vertical, maximizing the length of wellbore exposed to the formation.

Horizontal Well - a class of nonvertical wells where the wellbore axis is near horizontal (within approximately ten degrees of the horizontal), or undulating (fluctuating above and below 90 degrees deviation).

Horner Plot - Formation parameters are calculated by analyzing the shut-in build-up using the techniques developed by Horner in his classic pressure build-up paper. The Horner Plot is used to extrapolate a build-up that has not yet stabilized to enable us to predict the virgin reservoir pressure. The slope of the extrapolated line (designated ‘m’) is also used in the calculations because it reflects the nature of the reservoir in terms of the rate of the steady state increase of pressure. That is to say, the rate of pressure response is due to the nature of the reservoir rock and the fluids flowing in the system. See Drill Stem Testing.

Hydrates - Natural gas hydrates, also referred to as clathrates, are crystalline structures of water that surround low molecular weight gases, such as methane, ethane, propane or butane. See HI-M-PACT Hydrate Inhibitors

Hydrocyclone - a cone-shaped device for separating mixed liquids (e.g., oil and water).

Hydrophone - a pressure-sensitive sensor to transform changes in (water) pressure to an electrical voltage - voltage which is proportional to the velocity of the seismic wave


Inclination - the measurement of a well's deviation from vertical, in degrees. Also the angle between the direction of the produced fluid flow and the horizontal. Inclination values are positive for fluid flowing upward and negative for fluid flowing downward.

Infill Drilling / Well - wells placed between known producing wells to further exploit a reservoir.

Inflatable Systems - Inflatable tools are designed with a nitrile based bladder that is expanded by means of hydraulic pressure much in the same manner as blowing up a ‘balloon’. 

Intelligent Completions - a completion technology in which formation property measurements are made and the completion dynamically adjusts itself to maximize production from the well.

Intelligent Well Technology - technology that combines sensors and remote control to detect production problems and solve them without costly well intervention.

Isotropic - of equal physical properties in all directions.


Jackup drill rig

Jackup drill rig - a mobile, bottom-supported offshore drilling structure. Legs or columns rest on the seafloor and the platform is raised or adjusted by moving up or down on the legs.

Jet cutter - a fishing tool that uses shaped charges to sever casing, tubing, or drill pipe stuck in a hole.

 


Kickoff point - the depth in a vertical wellbore at which some type of directional drilling operations (e.g., deviated or slant hole) begin.

Kriging - the geostatistical method of applying known values in one sample to produce an unbiased estimate of values in another.